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They exist everywhere. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are in the packaging of the food we eat, the cosmetics we put on our faces, in pesticides and water bottles, in our clothing and even in some children’s toys. Both natural and manufactured, these chemicals are linked to issues with development, reproduction, metabolism, and behavior in animals—including humans.

A new MBL course aims to figure out exactly how these chemicals are impacting human biology, and what can be done about them.

The course, Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Hazards and Opportunities (ECHO), was developed by two scientists with longtime ǧ����Ƶ ties: of Princeton University and of Washington State University. Hunt and Ruderman deliberately designed ECHO to be multidisciplinary: It covers topics from complex chemistry to public health. The course made its debut this past spring.

“A lot of people back off when they hear the term endocrine disruptor, so I like the term ‘hormone-disrupting pollutants,’” says Ruderman, who served as MBL director from 2012 to 2014 and Embryology course director in 1978 and 1979. These types of pollutants are “tricksters,” says Ruderman, in that they can mimic the natural processes and messages of hormones and interfere with the body’s normal hormonal responses.

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals” because they never break down, are commonly used in the creation of nonstick and fire-retardant materials. They’re also notorious hormone disruptors. Chemicals from BPA (bisphenol A) to DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) to many fungicides also fall under the umbrella. Those act as environmental obesogens—when a person is exposed to them early in life, their risk of obesity increases with age.

“We’re worried about things that become epidemic in human populations. Diabetes. Obesity. Infertility,” says Hunt. “The question is, ‘What can we do?’ It’s a fascinating biological question and understanding it offers a way for us to reverse some of these effects.” Hunt was director of the ǧ����Ƶ’s Frontiers in Reproduction (FIR) course from 2002-2004.